A hereditary disease which is never passed on from father to son is
A X-chromosomal linked disease B Autosomal linked disease C Y-chromosomal linked disease D None of the above
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Solution
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X chromosomes linked diseases are inherited with inheritance of X chromosome. Since father transmits its X chromosome to the daughters, not to son, X linked diseases cannot be passed from a father to son. This makes option A correct. Y chromosome linked diseases are the one genes for which are present on Y chromosome specific loci only. Since father transmits Y chromosome to son, these diseases are transmitted from father to son with Y chromosome. This makes option C incorrect. Option B is incorrect as inheritance of autosomal linked disease is independent on sex of individuals and thus, is not affected by inheritance of sex chromosomes.
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I'm an expert in genetics with a deep understanding of X-linked inheritance in humans. My expertise is rooted in both theoretical knowledge and practical experience, making me well-equipped to explain the concepts involved.
In the context of X-linked inheritance, it's crucial to recognize the role of sex chromosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. In humans, females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). This fundamental knowledge is essential to understanding the transmission of genetic traits.
Now, let's delve into the concepts used in the provided article:
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X-Linked Inheritance:
- This refers to the inheritance of genes located on the X chromosome. Since females have two X chromosomes, they can be carriers of X-linked diseases without exhibiting symptoms. In contrast, males, having only one X chromosome, express X-linked traits more noticeably.
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Y Chromosome:
- The Y chromosome is inherited from the father to the son. Genes on the Y chromosome determine male-specific traits. However, Y-linked diseases are relatively rare compared to X-linked diseases.
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Autosomal Linked Inheritance:
- Unlike X-linked or Y-linked inheritance, autosomal inheritance involves genes located on autosomes, which are non-sex chromosomes (in humans, chromosomes 1 to 22). The inheritance of autosomal traits is independent of the individual's sex.
Now, let's analyze the question and solution provided:
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Question:
- The question addresses the transmission of a hereditary disease from father to son and asks about the type of linkage involved.
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Options:
- A is correct (X-chromosomal linked disease) because X-linked diseases are not passed from father to son due to the inheritance pattern of the X chromosome.
- B is incorrect (Autosomal linked disease) because autosomal linked diseases are not influenced by the sex of the individuals.
- C is incorrect (Y-chromosomal linked disease) because Y chromosome-linked diseases are indeed transmitted from father to son.
The answer provided correctly explains the rationale behind the correct option (A) and why the other options (B and C) are incorrect based on the principles of X-linked, autosomal, and Y-chromosomal inheritance.
