Why use an index fund instead of a mutual fund?
Index funds typically have lower costs and fees compared to actively managed mutual funds. This stems from their passive management style involving less frequent trading and lower administrative expenses.
Index funds typically have lower costs and fees compared to actively managed mutual funds. This stems from their passive management style involving less frequent trading and lower administrative expenses.
One major reason is that they generally have much lower management fees than other funds because they are passively managed. Instead of having a manager actively trading, and a research team analyzing securities and making recommendations, the index fund's portfolio just duplicates that of its designated index.
Index funds seek market-average returns, while active mutual funds try to outperform the market. Active mutual funds typically have higher fees than index funds. Index fund performance is relatively predictable; active mutual fund performance tends to be less so.
Mutual funds come with many advantages, such as advanced portfolio management, dividend reinvestment, risk reduction, convenience, and fair pricing. Disadvantages include high fees, tax inefficiency, poor trade execution, and the potential for management abuses.
Generally, if you want to “set it and forget it,” index funds are a good bet. If you want the potential upside of a professionally managed fund or want to show your support for specific industries, like renewable energy, actively managed mutual funds will give you more options.
Disadvantages of Index Funds
Index funds can dilute the possibility of big gains as they are driven by the combined results of a very large basket of assets. Little chance for big short-term gains. As passive investing vehicles, there's little scope for capturing big short-term gains with index funds.
So, why does Buffett only recommend index funds? Because it's the best possible choice, "on an expectancy basis," as he put it. In other words, buying an index fund has a higher expected return than buying any single individual stock or actively managed mutual fund.
One of the main reasons is that some investors believe they can outperform the market by actively selecting individual stocks or actively managed funds. While this is possible, it is not easy, and many studies have shown that the majority of active investors fail to beat the market consistently over the long term.
While indexes may be low cost and diversified, they prevent seizing opportunities elsewhere. Moreover, indexes do not provide protection from market corrections and crashes when an investor has a lot of exposure to stock index funds.
Do index funds outperform mutual funds?
What Are the Results? Generally, when you look at mutual fund performance over the long run, you can see a trend of actively-managed funds underperforming the S&P 500 index. A common statistic is that the S&P 500 outperforms 80% of mutual funds.
- Invest in the 4 types of mutual funds: growth, growth and income, aggressive growth, and international.
- Find mutual funds with a 10 year or better average annual return better than 10% (12%+ is best).
- Don't invest in anything you don't understand.
And to go one step further, we recommend dividing your mutual fund investments equally between four types of funds: growth and income, growth, aggressive growth, and international.
Even the top investors put their money in index funds.
In fact, a number of billionaire investors count S&P 500 index funds among their top holdings. Among those are Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, Dalio's Bridgewater, and Griffin's Citadel.
It might actually lead to unwanted losses. Investors that only invest in the S&P 500 leave themselves exposed to numerous pitfalls: Investing only in the S&P 500 does not provide the broad diversification that minimizes risk. Economic downturns and bear markets can still deliver large losses.
Disadvantages include the lack of downside protection, no choice in index composition, and it cannot beat the market (by definition). To index invest, find an index, find a fund tracking that index, and then find a broker to buy shares in that fund.
Ideally, you should stay invested in equity index funds for the long run, i.e., at least 7 years. That is because investing in any equity instrument for the short-term is fraught with risks. And as we saw, the chances of getting positive returns improve when you give time to your investments.
Actively-managed mutual funds can be riskier investment options than index funds. With a portfolio manager trying to outperform the market, there's a chance they will make poor decisions that hurt the fund's performance.
Index funds are a popular choice for investors seeking a low-cost, diversified, and passive investment strategy. They are designed to replicate the performance of financial market indexes, like the S&P 500, and are ideal for long-term investing, such as in retirement accounts.
If you're new to investing, you can absolutely start off by buying index funds alone as you learn more about how to choose the right stocks. But as your knowledge grows, you may want to branch out and add different companies to your portfolio that you feel align well with your personal risk tolerance and goals.
Are index funds safe during recession?
Investing in funds, such as exchange-traded funds and low-cost index funds, is often less risky than investing in individual stocks — something that might be especially attractive during a recession.
The 90/10 strategy calls for allocating 90% of your investment capital to low-cost S&P 500 index funds and the remaining 10% to short-term government bonds. Warren Buffett described the strategy in a 2013 letter to his company's shareholders.
It is all index funds.” However, he reiterated concerns raised at the company's last shareholder meeting, when he decried index funds' growing interest in pursuing corporate governance goals beyond fiduciary duties. “It is a very serious issue because it is an enormous amount of power,” Munger said.
The 90/10 rule in investing is a comment made by Warren Buffett regarding asset allocation. The rule stipulates investing 90% of one's investment capital toward low-cost stock-based index funds and the remainder 10% to short-term government bonds.
While not all of the households in this study are millionaires, the vast majority of them are. The median household in the study has over $1 million with Vanguard and those below the median have assets outside of Vanguard (i.e. real estate, non-Vanguard accounts, etc.) that make most of them millionaires as well.
